• Solar Power: Harnesses radiation from the sun using photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar thermal systems. It is currently the fastest-growing source of renewable capacity globally.

•  Wind Power: Converts kinetic energy from air currents into electricity using massive wind turbines. It is highly effective in both onshore and offshore settings.

•  Hydropower: Uses the natural flow of water—typically through dams or river currents—to spin turbines and generate massive amounts of reliable base-load electricity.

• Bioenergy: Generates power and heat by burning or converting organic matter (biomass) such as agricultural waste and biogas.

•  Geothermal Energy: Extracts natural heat from beneath the Earth’s surface to generate direct electricity or provide heating.